Climate change in the Arctic
The effects of global warming in the Arctic , or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly , observed since the 1970s. [1] [2] [3] Related impacts include ocean circulation changes, increased input of freshwater, [4] [5] and ocean acidification. [6] Indirect effects through potential climate teleconnections to mid latitudes may result in a greater frequency of extreme weather events (flooding, fires and drought), [7] ecological, biological and phenology changes, biological migrations and extinctions, [8] natural resource stresses and as well as human health, displacement and security issues. Potential methane releases from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , may occur. [9] Presently, the Arctic is warming twice as fast compared to the rest of the world. [10] The pronounced warming signal, the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming . The melting of Greenland's ice sheet is linked to polar amplification. [11] [12] According to a study published in 2016, about 0.5◦C of the warming in the Arctic has been attributed to reductions in sulfate aerosols in Europe since 1980. [13]
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
262123 characters 23 sections 45 paragraphs 20 images 420 internal links 188 external links |
6. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
arctic 0.554 ice 0.321 permafrost 0.234 boreal 0.117 route 0.117 tundra 0.117 sea 0.109 thaw 0.109 methane 0.095 unclear 0.089 moss 0.082 subsea 0.082 summertime 0.082 passage 0.078 melting 0.078 |
The effects of global warming in the Arctic , or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly , observed since the 1970s. [1] [2] [3] Related impacts include ocean circulation changes, increased input of freshwater, [4] [5] and ocean acidification. [6] Indirect effects through potential climate teleconnections to mid latitudes may result in a greater frequency of extreme weather events (flooding, fires and drought), [7] ecological, biological and phenology changes, biological migrations and extinctions, [8] natural resource stresses and as well as human health, displacement and security issues. Potential methane releases from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , may occur. [9] Presently, the Arctic is warming twice as fast compared to the rest of the world. [10] The pronounced warming signal, the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming . The melting of Greenland's ice sheet is linked to polar amplification. [11] [12] According to a study published in 2016, about 0.5◦C of the warming in the Arctic has been attributed to reductions in sulfate aerosols in Europe since 1980. [13] |
| 2017 |
247165 characters 23 sections 42 paragraphs 20 images 417 internal links 159 external links |
6. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
arctic 0.553 ice 0.336 permafrost 0.253 boreal 0.117 route 0.117 tundra 0.117 methane 0.117 sea 0.112 unclear 0.089 melting 0.086 moss 0.082 subsea 0.082 summertime 0.082 thaw 0.082 passage 0.078 |
The effects of global warming in the Arctic , or climate change in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly , observed in recent years. [1] [2] [3] Potential methane release from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , is also a concern. The Arctic warms twice as fast compared to the rest of the world. [4] The pronounced warming signal, the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming . The melting of Greenland's ice sheet is linked to polar amplification. [5] [6] According to a study published in 2016, about 0.5◦C of the warming in the Arctic has been attributed to reductions in sulfate aerosols in Europe since 1980. [7] |
| 2016 |
233583 characters 22 sections 41 paragraphs 19 images 414 internal links 143 external links |
6. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
arctic 0.543 ice 0.335 permafrost 0.190 boreal 0.126 route 0.126 tundra 0.126 sea 0.114 unclear 0.097 moss 0.088 subsea 0.088 summertime 0.088 thaw 0.088 passage 0.084 polar 0.083 shipping 0.079 |
The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet . [1] [2] [3] Potential methane release from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , is also a concern. Because of the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming . The melting of Greenland's ice sheet is linked to polar amplification. [4] [5] |
| 2015 |
226152 characters 22 sections 40 paragraphs 18 images 398 internal links 135 external links |
6. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
arctic 0.522 ice 0.335 permafrost 0.200 boreal 0.133 route 0.133 tundra 0.133 sea 0.113 unclear 0.102 moss 0.093 subsea 0.093 summertime 0.093 thaw 0.093 passage 0.089 methane 0.083 volume 0.080 |
The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet . [1] [2] [3] Potential methane release from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , is also a concern. Because of the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a leading indicator of global warming . |
| 2014 |
213194 characters 21 sections 38 paragraphs 18 images 401 internal links 116 external links |
6. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
arctic 0.502 ice 0.349 permafrost 0.207 boreal 0.138 tundra 0.138 sea 0.109 unclear 0.106 moss 0.097 subsea 0.097 summertime 0.097 thaw 0.097 methane 0.086 volume 0.083 phytoplankton 0.083 column 0.079 |
The effects of climate change in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet . [1] [2] [3] In addition potential methane release from the region, especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , is also a concern. Because of the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a leading indicator of climate change. |
| 2013 |
174881 characters 21 sections 37 paragraphs 16 images 225 internal links 108 external links |
7. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet |
arctic 0.517 ice 0.375 permafrost 0.149 boreal 0.149 tundra 0.149 sea 0.118 ndvi 0.104 summertime 0.104 volume 0.090 phytoplankton 0.089 unclear 0.085 bears 0.085 shrubs 0.085 extent 0.082 melting 0.077 |
The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet . [1] [2] [3] Potential release of methane from the Arctic region , especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates , is also a concern. Because of the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a leading indicator of climate change. |
| 2012 |
186931 characters 19 sections 31 paragraphs 16 images 237 internal links 114 external links |
1. Modelling, history, and predictions of sea ice |
arctic 0.595 ice 0.390 permafrost 0.194 geoengineering 0.181 sea 0.143 thickness 0.113 square 0.092 melt 0.091 kilometers 0.090 methane 0.089 melting 0.086 phytoplankton 0.077 september 0.076 routes 0.074 clathrates 0.074 |
Ongoing changes in the climate of the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet . [1] [2] [3] The Arctic ocean will likely be free of summer sea ice before the year 2100. Projections as to when precisely this will occur vary between the years 2060–2080, [4] 2030, [5] [6] and 2016. [7] [8] Because of the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a high-sensitivity indicator of climate change. Scientists also point to the potential for release of methane from the Arctic region , especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates . Arctic climate changes are summarized in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment . |
| 2011 |
136337 characters 17 sections 24 paragraphs 16 images 217 internal links 86 external links |
1. Modelling, history, and predictions of sea ice |
arctic 0.592 ice 0.403 geoengineering 0.223 permafrost 0.160 sea 0.145 thickness 0.140 methane 0.110 clathrates 0.092 bears 0.092 greenland 0.089 melting 0.083 polar 0.075 holdren 0.074 ilulissat 0.074 predict 0.074 |
Ongoing changes in the climate of the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice , and melting of the Greenland ice sheet . Projections of sea ice loss suggest that the Arctic ocean will likely be free of summer sea ice sometime between 2060 and 2080, [1] while another estimate puts this date at 2030. [2] Because of the amplified response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a high-sensitivity indicator of climate change. Scientists also point to the potential for release of methane from the Arctic region , especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates . Arctic climate changes are summarized in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment . |
| 2010 |
129247 characters 17 sections 22 paragraphs 12 images 207 internal links 77 external links |
1. Modelling, history, and predictions of sea ice |
arctic 0.597 ice 0.341 geoengineering 0.239 shrinkage 0.200 permafrost 0.171 sea 0.136 methane 0.118 clathrates 0.098 bears 0.098 thickness 0.086 greenland 0.084 polar 0.081 holdren 0.080 ilulissat 0.080 predict 0.079 |
Arctic shrinkage is the decrease in size of the Arctic region (as defined by the 10 °C (50 °F) July isotherm ) [ citation needed ] . This is a change in the regional climate generally agreed to be a result of global warming . Projections of sea ice loss suggest that the Arctic ocean will likely be free of summer sea ice sometime between 2060 and 2080 [1] while another estimate puts this date at 2030. [2] Because of the rapid response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a high-sensitivity indicator of climate change. Scientists also point to the potential for release of methane from the Arctic region , especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates . |
| 2009 |
95391 characters 17 sections 19 paragraphs 5 images 103 internal links 68 external links |
1. Modelling, history, and predictions |
arctic 0.603 ice 0.285 geoengineering 0.265 permafrost 0.189 shrinkage 0.189 sea 0.145 methane 0.130 clathrates 0.109 bears 0.109 greenland 0.093 polar 0.089 holdren 0.088 ilulissat 0.088 predict 0.088 foreign 0.085 |
Arctic shrinkage is the decrease in size of the Arctic region (as defined by the 10 °C (50 °F) July isotherm ). This is a change in the regional climate as a result of global warming . Projections of sea ice loss suggest that the Arctic ocean will likely be free of summer sea ice sometime between 2060 and 2080. [1] Because of the rapid response of the Arctic to global warming, it is often seen as a high-sensitivity indicator of climate change. Scientists also point to the potential for release of methane from the Arctic region , especially through the thawing of permafrost and methane clathrates . |
| 2008 |
80867 characters 16 sections 23 paragraphs 9 images 89 internal links 52 external links |
arctic 0.548 ice 0.374 shrinkage 0.176 2008 0.149 greenland 0.133 lowest 0.132 september 0.123 melt 0.106 winter 0.106 sea 0.102 extent 0.100 geoengineering 0.098 wadhams 0.098 ilulissat 0.098 perennial 0.098 |
Arctic shrinkage is the marked decrease in Arctic sea ice and the observed melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet in recent years. Computer models predict that the sea ice area will continue to shrink in the future, though there is no consensus on when the Arctic Ocean might become ice-free in summer; a common theory estimates between 2040 and 2100. [1] Scientific analysis currently has no evidence of seasonally ice-free Arctic over more than 700,000 years, although there were warmer periods. [2] [3] Scientists are studying possible cause and effect factors such as unusual wind patterns, rising Arctic temperatures, [4] or shifting water circulation. [5] |
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| 2007 |
42361 characters 9 sections 17 paragraphs 4 images 48 internal links 25 external links |
arctic 0.494 ice 0.366 sq 0.222 coccoliths 0.186 miles 0.144 shrinkage 0.133 perennial 0.124 charting 0.124 greenland 0.112 free 0.112 danish 0.102 interpreted 0.102 bears 0.102 700 0.100 minima 0.089 |
Arctic shrinkage refers to the marked decrease in Arctic sea ice and the observed melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet in recent years. Scientists expect that the Arctic Ocean may become ice-free before 2015, [1] for the first time in more than 700,000 years. [2] [3] [4] Scientists from around the world are studying possible cause and effect factors such as unusual wind patterns, rising Arctic temperatures, [5] or shifting water circulation. [6] According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , "warming in the Arctic, as indicated by daily maximum and minimum temperatures, has been as great as in any other part of the world." [7] |