Coral bleaching
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with this algae crucial for the health of the coral and the reef. [1] The algae provides up to 90% of the coral's energy. Bleached corals continue to live but begin to starve after bleaching. [2] Some corals recover.
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
233304 characters 31 sections 40 paragraphs 11 images 176 internal links 182 external links |
6. Recovery and macroalgal regime shifts 8. Economic value of coral reefs |
coral 0.598 bleaching 0.535 reefs 0.308 reef 0.254 corals 0.196 zooxanthellae 0.130 bleached 0.079 algae 0.073 fish 0.065 shiloi 0.056 withstand 0.056 barrier 0.048 species 0.046 macroalgae 0.045 stress 0.042 |
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with this algae crucial for the health of the coral and the reef. [1] The algae provides up to 90% of the coral's energy. Bleached corals continue to live but begin to starve after bleaching. [2] Some corals recover. |
| 2017 |
202124 characters 25 sections 33 paragraphs 12 images 177 internal links 150 external links |
bleaching 0.574 coral 0.564 reefs 0.282 reef 0.259 zooxanthellae 0.163 corals 0.161 algae 0.091 bleached 0.071 shiloi 0.071 fish 0.066 macroalgae 0.057 stress 0.053 disturbances 0.047 polyps 0.047 barrier 0.046 |
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that lives inside their tissues. Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with the algae and that relationship is crucial for the coral and hence for the health of the whole reef. [1] Bleached corals continue to live. But as the algae provide the coral with up to 90% of its energy, after expelling the algae the coral begins to starve. [2] Above-average sea water temperatures caused by global warming have been identified as a leading cause for coral bleaching worldwide. [2] Between 2014 and 2016, the longest global bleaching events ever were recorded. According to the United Nations Environment Programme , these bleaching events killed coral on an unprecedented scale. In 2016, bleaching hit 90 percent of coral on the Great Barrier Reef and killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral. [3] [4] In 2017, the bleaching further expanded to areas of the reef that were previously spared, such as the central one. [5] [6] |
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| 2016 |
186653 characters 19 sections 39 paragraphs 9 images 168 internal links 133 external links |
bleaching 0.577 coral 0.553 reefs 0.265 zooxanthellae 0.232 reef 0.161 corals 0.155 stress 0.108 algae 0.107 shiloi 0.083 fish 0.072 bleached 0.067 species 0.056 regime 0.053 hydroxyl 0.050 expulsion 0.050 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts ( Symbiodinium , also known as zooxanthellae ) from coral either through expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with algae-like unicellular flagellate protozoa that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Above-average sea water temperatures caused by global warming have been identified as a leading cause for coral bleaching worldwide. [2] Some scientists consider bleaching a poorly-understood type of "stress" related to high irradiance ; environmental factors like sediments, harmful chemicals and freshwater; and high or low water temperatures. [1] This "stress" causes corals to expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [3] Bleaching has been attributed to a defense mechanism in corals; this is called the "adaptive bleaching hypothesis", from a 1993 paper by Robert Buddemeier and Daphne Fautin. [4] Bleached corals continue to live. But the algae provide the coral with 90% of its energy, after expelling the algae the coral begins to starve. [2] |
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| 2015 |
163936 characters 19 sections 42 paragraphs 8 images 153 internal links 118 external links |
bleaching 0.596 coral 0.499 zooxanthellae 0.265 reefs 0.255 corals 0.177 reef 0.143 stress 0.123 shiloi 0.095 bleached 0.076 algae 0.071 o2 0.068 regime 0.061 species 0.061 hydroxyl 0.057 expulsion 0.057 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts ( Symbiodinium , also known as zooxanthellae ) through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with algae-like unicellular flagellate protozoa that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Some scientists consider bleaching a poorly-understood type of "stress" related to high irradiance ; environmental factors like sediments, harmful chemicals and freshwater; and high or low water temperatures. [1] This "stress" causes corals to expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] Bleaching has been attributed to a defense mechanism in corals; this is called the "adaptive bleaching hypothesis," from a 1993 paper by Robert Buddemeier and Daphne Fautin. [3] Bleached corals continue to live, but growth is limited until the protozoa return. |
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| 2014 |
112375 characters 16 sections 23 paragraphs 6 images 143 internal links 74 external links |
bleaching 0.593 coral 0.414 zooxanthellae 0.325 reefs 0.197 shiloi 0.165 corals 0.160 stress 0.137 reef 0.124 algae 0.106 bleached 0.099 tolerance 0.081 symbiotic 0.077 expulsion 0.066 polyp 0.066 withstand 0.066 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts ( Symbiodinium , also known as zooxanthellae ) through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with algae-like unicellular flagellate protozoa that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Under stress, corals may expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2013 |
95169 characters 14 sections 21 paragraphs 5 images 140 internal links 54 external links |
bleaching 0.635 coral 0.415 zooxanthellae 0.308 shiloi 0.171 reefs 0.170 corals 0.152 reef 0.128 stress 0.126 bleached 0.102 expulsion 0.068 incidence 0.056 tolerance 0.056 resistance 0.055 barrier 0.055 acidification 0.051 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts ( Symbiodinium , also known as zooxanthellae ) through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with unicellular flagellate protozoa that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Under stress, corals may expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2012 |
87769 characters 13 sections 19 paragraphs 5 images 133 internal links 48 external links |
bleaching 0.601 coral 0.455 zooxanthellae 0.338 shiloi 0.187 corals 0.152 reef 0.141 stress 0.121 bleached 0.112 reefs 0.093 expulsion 0.075 incidence 0.061 tolerance 0.061 resistance 0.060 barrier 0.060 acidification 0.056 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts ( Symbiodinium , also known as zooxanthellae ) through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with unicellular flagellate protozoa that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Under stress, corals may expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2011 |
81967 characters 12 sections 18 paragraphs 5 images 128 internal links 46 external links |
bleaching 0.601 coral 0.427 zooxanthellae 0.384 shiloi 0.195 corals 0.142 stress 0.126 bleached 0.117 reef 0.105 expulsion 0.078 reefs 0.078 incidence 0.064 tolerance 0.064 resistance 0.063 acidification 0.058 bacteria 0.056 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts ( zooxanthellae ) through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with unicellular flagellate protozoa, called zooxanthellae, that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Under stress, corals may expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2010 |
72509 characters 12 sections 18 paragraphs 6 images 114 internal links 36 external links |
bleaching 0.533 zooxanthellae 0.486 coral 0.384 shiloi 0.198 stress 0.183 corals 0.176 protozoa 0.119 reef 0.106 bacteria 0.085 expulsion 0.079 mediterranean 0.076 symbiotic 0.069 resistant 0.065 tolerance 0.065 resistance 0.064 |
Coral bleaching is the whitening of corals , due to stress-induced expulsion or death of their symbiotic protozoa , zooxanthellae , or due to the loss of pigmentation within the protozoa. [1] The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with unicellular flagellate protozoa, called zooxanthellae, that are photosynthetic and live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, with the specific color depending on the particular clade . Under stress, corals may expel their zooxanthellae, which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2009 |
68293 characters 11 sections 18 paragraphs 5 images 106 internal links 36 external links |
bleaching 0.627 coral 0.339 zooxanthellae 0.267 shiloi 0.232 stress 0.215 corals 0.207 algae 0.100 bacteria 0.100 reef 0.100 mediterranean 0.090 symbiotic 0.081 resistant 0.076 infection 0.076 tolerance 0.076 resistance 0.075 |
Coral bleaching is the whitening of corals , due to stress-induced expulsion or death of symbiotic unicellular algae or due to the loss of pigmentation within the algae [1] . The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on a symbiotic relationship with photosynthesizing unicellular algae called zooxanthellae that live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its coloration, depending on the particular clade . Under stress, corals may expel their zooxantheallae , which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2008 |
28022 characters 3 sections 13 paragraphs 4 images 36 internal links 17 external links |
bleaching 0.665 coral 0.386 corals 0.252 zooxanthellae 0.238 stress 0.154 reef 0.134 symbiotic 0.121 algae 0.089 bacteria 0.089 bleach 0.083 expel 0.083 shiloi 0.083 withstand 0.083 resistant 0.068 infection 0.068 |
Coral bleaching is the loss of color of corals , due to stress-induced expulsion of symbiotic unicellular algae or due to the loss of pigmentation within the algae [1] . The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on a symbiotic relationship with photosynthesizing unicellular algae called zooxanthellae that live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its particular coloration, depending on the clade living within the coral. Under stress, corals may expel their zooxantheallae , which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [2] |
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| 2007 |
25171 characters 3 sections 12 paragraphs 4 images 29 internal links 13 external links |
bleaching 0.668 coral 0.369 corals 0.264 zooxanthellae 0.249 stress 0.161 reef 0.140 symbiotic 0.127 bacteria 0.093 expel 0.087 shiloi 0.087 withstand 0.087 resistant 0.071 infection 0.071 pathogen 0.071 algae 0.070 |
Coral bleaching refers to the loss of color of corals due to stress-induced expulsion of symbiotic unicellular algae . The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on a symbiotic relationship with photosynthesizing unicellular algae called zooxanthellae that live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its particular coloration, depending on the clade living within the coral. Under stress, corals may expel their zooxantheallae , which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". [1] |
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| 2006 |
10947 characters 2 sections 6 paragraphs 2 images 29 internal links 6 external links |
bleaching 0.539 corals 0.341 zooxanthellae 0.276 coral 0.272 stress 0.233 reef 0.226 expel 0.168 withstand 0.168 symbiotic 0.098 suffered 0.090 band 0.084 creatures 0.084 suited 0.084 stressor 0.084 bleach 0.084 |
The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on a symbiotic relationship with photosynthesizing unicellular algae called zooxanthellae that live within their tissues. Zooxanthellae give coral its particular coloration, depending on the clade living within the coral. Under stress, corals may expel their zooxantheallae , which leads to a lighter or completely white appearance, hence the term "bleached". |
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| 2005 |
4643 characters 1 sections 6 paragraphs 0 images 23 internal links 3 external links |
coral 0.484 bleaching 0.320 band 0.299 reef 0.268 zooxanthellae 0.245 symbiotic 0.233 stressors 0.164 algae 0.161 host 0.128 corals 0.121 suffered 0.107 creatures 0.100 bleached 0.100 expel 0.100 clams 0.100 |
Coral bleaching results when the symbiotic zooxanthellae (single-celled algae) are released from the original host coral organism due to stress. The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on these symbiotic photosynthesizing unicellular algae called "zooxanthellae" that live within their tissues. When the zooxantheallae are expelled, the coral loses its pigment , leading to a bleached or completely white appearance. Toxins are produced when water temperatures rise. |
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| 2004 |
4640 characters 1 sections 8 paragraphs 0 images 23 internal links 3 external links |
coral 0.488 bleaching 0.322 band 0.301 reef 0.270 zooxanthellae 0.247 symbiotic 0.235 stressors 0.165 algae 0.162 host 0.129 corals 0.122 suffered 0.108 creatures 0.100 bleached 0.100 expel 0.100 clams 0.100 |
Coral bleaching results when the symbiotic zooxanthellae (single celled algae) are expelled from the host coral organism due to stress. The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on these symbiotic photosynthesizing unicellular algae called ' zooxanthellae ' that live within their tissues. When the zooxantheallae are expelled, the coral looses its pigment , leading to a bleached or completely white appearance. |
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| 2003 |
2990 characters 1 sections 6 paragraphs 0 images 17 internal links 2 external links |
reef 0.429 coral 0.324 bleaching 0.308 zooxanthellae 0.262 corals 0.194 symbiotic 0.187 suffered 0.172 creatures 0.160 expel 0.160 clams 0.160 photosynthesizing 0.131 permanently 0.131 exhibited 0.131 seychelles 0.131 tissues 0.131 |
The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on symbiotic photosynthesizing unicellular algae called ' zooxanthellae ' that live within their tissues. |