Proxy (climate)
In the study of past climates (" paleoclimatology "), [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements [2] and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began.
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
86792 characters 17 sections 29 paragraphs 7 images 110 internal links 57 external links |
proxies 0.268 isotopes 0.242 boreholes 0.202 δ 0.202 borehole 0.173 proxy 0.167 pollen 0.152 heavier 0.121 rings 0.117 isotope 0.117 ice 0.115 drilling 0.111 deuterium 0.101 greer 0.101 vsmow 0.101 |
In the study of past climates (" paleoclimatology "), [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements [2] and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. |
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| 2017 |
74508 characters 16 sections 28 paragraphs 7 images 92 internal links 40 external links |
proxies 0.281 isotopes 0.252 boreholes 0.212 δ 0.212 borehole 0.181 pollen 0.158 proxy 0.148 isotope 0.137 ice 0.127 heavier 0.126 rings 0.123 drilling 0.116 deuterium 0.106 greer 0.106 vsmow 0.106 |
In the study of past climates (" paleoclimatology "), [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements [2] and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. |
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| 2016 |
57488 characters 15 sections 26 paragraphs 4 images 87 internal links 23 external links |
proxies 0.293 isotopes 0.263 boreholes 0.221 δ 0.221 borehole 0.189 pollen 0.165 proxy 0.154 isotope 0.143 ice 0.133 heavier 0.132 rings 0.128 drilling 0.121 deuterium 0.110 greer 0.110 vsmow 0.110 |
In the study of past climates (" paleoclimatology "), [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. |
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| 2015 |
56019 characters 16 sections 25 paragraphs 4 images 86 internal links 23 external links |
isotopes 0.271 proxies 0.245 boreholes 0.227 δ 0.227 borehole 0.194 pollen 0.170 proxy 0.158 ice 0.137 heavier 0.135 rings 0.132 isotope 0.131 drilling 0.124 deuterium 0.113 greer 0.113 vsmow 0.113 |
In the study of past climates (" paleoclimatology "), [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct measurements to enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions that prevailed during much of the Earth's history. As reliable modern records of climate began only in the 1880s, proxies provide a means for scientists to use proxy methods to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. |
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| 2014 |
58125 characters 15 sections 21 paragraphs 4 images 88 internal links 22 external links |
isotopes 0.270 proxies 0.263 boreholes 0.226 borehole 0.194 δ 0.189 displaystyle 0.186 pollen 0.170 ice 0.136 heavier 0.135 rings 0.131 isotope 0.131 drilling 0.124 deuterium 0.113 greer 0.113 vsmow 0.113 |
In the study of past climates, known as paleoclimatology , [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct measurements (as statistical proxies ), to enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions that prevailed during much of the Earth's history. As reliable modern records of climate only began in the 1880s, proxies provide a means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. Examples of proxies include ice cores , tree rings , sub-fossil pollen , boreholes , corals , lake and ocean sediments , and carbonate speleothems . The character of deposition or rate of growth of the proxies' material has been influenced by the climatic conditions of the time in which they were laid down or grew. Chemical traces produced by climatic changes, such as quantities of particular isotopes , can be recovered from proxies. Some proxies, such as gas bubbles trapped in ice, enable traces of the ancient atmosphere to be recovered and measured directly to provide a history of fluctuations in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. [2] To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping. [3] |
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| 2013 |
54577 characters 14 sections 20 paragraphs 4 images 81 internal links 19 external links |
isotopes 0.274 proxies 0.266 boreholes 0.229 borehole 0.196 δ 0.191 displaystyle 0.188 pollen 0.172 ice 0.138 heavier 0.137 rings 0.133 drilling 0.125 deuterium 0.115 greer 0.115 vsmow 0.115 δ18o 0.115 |
In the study of past climates, known as paleoclimatology , [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct measurements (as statistical proxies ), to enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions that prevailed during much of the Earth's history. As reliable modern records of climate only began in the 1880s, proxies provide a means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. Examples of proxies include ice cores , tree rings , sub-fossil pollen , boreholes , corals , and lake and ocean sediments . The character of deposition or rate of growth of the proxies' material has been influenced by the climatic conditions of the time in which they were laid down or grew. Chemical traces produced by climatic changes, such as quantities of particular isotopes , can be recovered from proxies. Some proxies, such as gas bubbles trapped in ice, enable traces of the ancient atmosphere to be recovered and measured directly to provide a history of fluctuations in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. [2] To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping. [3] |
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| 2012 |
53994 characters 13 sections 20 paragraphs 4 images 82 internal links 18 external links |
isotopes 0.274 proxies 0.266 boreholes 0.229 borehole 0.196 δ 0.191 displaystyle 0.188 pollen 0.172 ice 0.138 heavier 0.137 rings 0.133 drilling 0.125 deuterium 0.115 greer 0.115 vsmow 0.115 δ18o 0.115 |
In the study of past climates, known as paleoclimatology , [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct measurements (as statistical proxies ), to enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions that prevailed during much of the Earth's history. As reliable modern records of climate only began in the 1880s, proxies provide a means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. Examples of proxies include ice cores , tree rings , sub-fossil pollen , boreholes , corals , and lake and ocean sediments . The character of deposition or rate of growth of the proxies' material has been influenced by the climatic conditions of the time in which they were laid down or grew. Chemical traces produced by climatic changes, such as quantities of particular isotopes , can be recovered from proxies. Some proxies, such as gas bubbles trapped in ice, enable traces of the ancient atmosphere to be recovered and measured directly to provide a history of fluctuations in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. [2] To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping. [3] |
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| 2011 |
50079 characters 11 sections 18 paragraphs 3 images 74 internal links 18 external links |
isotopes 0.299 proxies 0.249 boreholes 0.208 δ 0.208 displaystyle 0.205 pollen 0.187 ice 0.151 heavier 0.149 drilling 0.137 borehole 0.134 deuterium 0.125 greer 0.125 vsmow 0.125 δ18o 0.125 oc 0.125 |
In the study of past climates, known as paleoclimatology , [1] climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct measurements (as statistical proxies ), to enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions that prevailed during much of the Earth's history. As reliable modern records of climate only began in the 1880s, proxies provide a means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. Examples of proxies include ice cores , tree rings , sub-fossil pollen , boreholes , corals , and lake and ocean sediments . The character of deposition or rate of growth of the proxies' material has been influenced by the climatic conditions of the time in which they were laid down or grew. Chemical traces produced by climatic changes, such as quantities of particular isotopes , can be recovered from proxies. Some proxies, such as gas bubbles trapped in ice, enable traces of the ancient atmosphere to be recovered and measured directly to provide a history of fluctuations in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. [2] To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping. [3] |
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| 2010 |
53045 characters 13 sections 20 paragraphs 4 images 74 internal links 18 external links |
isotopes 0.278 proxies 0.251 boreholes 0.233 borehole 0.199 δ 0.194 displaystyle 0.191 ice 0.140 heavier 0.139 rings 0.135 drilling 0.128 pollen 0.125 deuterium 0.117 greer 0.117 vsmow 0.117 δ18o 0.117 |
Climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions that prevailed during much of the Earth's history. As reliable modern records of climate only began in the 1880s, proxies provide a means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began. Examples of proxies include ice cores , tree rings , boreholes , corals , and lake and ocean sediments . The deposition or growth rates of the proxies' material is influenced by the climatic conditions of the time in which they were laid down or grew. Chemical traces produced by climatic changes, such as quantities of particular isotopes , can be recovered from proxies. Some proxies, such as gas bubbles trapped in ice, enable traces of the ancient atmosphere to be recovered and measured directly to provide a history of fluctuations in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. [1] To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping. [2] The study of past climates is known as paleoclimatology . [3] |
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| 2009 |
44660 characters 12 sections 14 paragraphs 2 images 95 internal links 14 external links |
boreholes 0.273 isotopes 0.228 displaystyle 0.224 drilling 0.224 δ 0.182 proxies 0.181 borehole 0.175 heavier 0.163 paleoclimatologists 0.163 rings 0.158 greer 0.136 vsmow 0.136 oc 0.136 vapour 0.130 feet 0.126 |
Climate proxies are devices that suggest the climate patterns of the past , even before those patterns were archived by humans . [1] To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping. [2] The study of past climates is known as paleoclimatology . [3] Examples of proxies include ice cores , tree rings , boreholes , corals , and lake and ocean sediments . |
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| 2008 |
12600 characters 3 sections 5 paragraphs 0 images 15 internal links 0 external links |
displaystyle 0.442 δ 0.359 vsmow 0.269 oc 0.269 vapour 0.257 isotopes 0.193 16 0.183 76 0.157 18 0.150 precipitation 0.144 variable 0.134 heavier 0.129 155 0.129 1000 0.105 interest 0.102 |
In climate research, a proxy variable is something that is probably not in itself of any great interest, but from which a variable of interest can be obtained. Temperature proxies such as tree ring widths and ice core layering are used by climatologists to create a temperature record. |
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| 2007 |
12558 characters 3 sections 5 paragraphs 0 images 14 internal links 0 external links |
displaystyle 0.468 δ 0.380 oc 0.285 vapour 0.272 isotopes 0.204 16 0.193 18 0.159 precipitation 0.153 variable 0.142 heavier 0.136 155 0.136 1000 0.111 interest 0.108 _ 0.095 condenses 0.095 |
In climate research, a proxy variable is something that is probably not in itself of any great interest, but from which a variable of interest can be obtained. Temperature proxies such as tree ring widths and ice core layering are used by climatologists to create a temperature record. |
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| 2006 |
12540 characters 3 sections 5 paragraphs 0 images 13 internal links 0 external links |
displaystyle 0.472 δ 0.383 oc 0.287 vapour 0.274 isotopes 0.206 16 0.195 18 0.160 precipitation 0.154 variable 0.143 heavier 0.137 155 0.137 1000 0.112 interest 0.109 _ 0.096 condenses 0.096 |
In climate research, a proxy variable is something that is probably not in itself of any great interest, but from which a variable of interest can be obtained. Temperature proxies such as tree ring widths and ice core layering are used by climatologists to create a temperature record. |
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| 2005 |
12165 characters 3 sections 5 paragraphs 0 images 11 internal links 0 external links |
displaystyle 0.482 δ 0.391 oc 0.293 vapour 0.280 isotopes 0.210 16 0.199 18 0.164 variable 0.146 heavier 0.140 155 0.140 precipitation 0.131 1000 0.114 interest 0.112 _ 0.098 condenses 0.098 |
In climate research, a proxy variable is something that is probably not in itself of any great interest, but from which a variable of interest can be obtained. |
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| 2004 |
12670 characters 2 sections 6 paragraphs 0 images 12 internal links 0 external links |
displaystyle 0.483 δ 0.392 oc 0.294 vapour 0.281 isotopes 0.211 16 0.200 18 0.164 variable 0.146 heavier 0.140 155 0.140 precipitation 0.131 1000 0.115 interest 0.112 _ 0.098 condenses 0.098 |
In climate research, a proxy variable is something that is probably not in itself of any great interest, but from which a variable of interest can be obtained. |